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PTAB.US: Decisions of PTAB Patent Trial and Appeal Board

Showing posts with label CFMT. Show all posts
Showing posts with label CFMT. Show all posts

Tuesday, November 24, 2020

CFMT





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REVERSED 
1793 CARGILL, INCORPORATED 15161653 - (D) TIMM 103 CARGILL, INCORPORATED / SLW MCCLAIN-COLEMAN, TYNESHA L.

2163 Lotan, Yalon et al. 14396131 - (D) AMUNDSON 103 MICRO FOCUS LLC DEWAN, KAMAL K

Tech Center 2400 Networking, Multiplexing, Cable, and Security
2485 Rusert, Thomas et al. 14129156 - (D) BAUMEISTER 103 Murphy, Bilak & Homiller/Ericsson GADOMSKI, STEFAN J

2488 Valens Semiconductor Ltd. 14834702 - (D) SAADAT 103 Active Knowledge Ltd. DOBBS, KRISTIN SENSMEIER

2613 Imagination Technologies Limited 15000197 - (D) BAUMEISTER 102/103 Imagination Technologies c/o Potomac Law Group PLLC SONNERS, SCOTT E

2613 EMONSTER INC 15723068 - (D) HOMERE 102/103 AEON Law BUTTRAM, ALAN T

2632 INTEL IP CORPORATION 15290300 - (D) BELISLE 103 Schiff Hardin LLP (Intel) c/o Laura C. Brutman CADEAU, WEDNEL

2894 Infineon Technologies AG 15189067 - (D) OWENS 112(1)/112(2)/103 MURPHY, BILAK & HOMILLER/INFINEON TECHNOLOGIES GRAYBILL, DAVID E

3629 [24]7.ai, Inc. 13926988 - (D) PER CURIAM 103 PERKINS COIE LLP - PAO General BAHL, SANGEETA

But a proposed combination of the prior art “even if supported by a motivation to combine,” must include “all limitations of the claim.” (CFMT, Inc. v. Yieldup Int’l Corp., 349 F.3d 1333, 1342 (Fed. Cir. 2003).)

CFMT, Inc. v. Yieldup Int ’l Corp., 349 F.3d 1333, 68 USPQ2d 1940 (Fed. Cir. 2003) 2164

3674 SHELL OIL COMPANY 15156833 - (D) SCHOPFER 103 SHELL OIL COMPANY SUE-AKO, ANDREW B

AFFIRMED 
Tech Center 1600 Biotechnology and Organic Chemistry
1642 THOMAS JEFFERSON UNIVERSITY 14767936 - (D) ADAMS 112(2)/103/OTDP LICATA & TYRRELL P.C. ALLEN, MICHAEL D

1645 NOVASTERILIS INC. 15332572 - (D) KATZ 102/OTDP WELSH FLAXMAN & GITLER LLC LYONS, MARY M

1646 Westfaelische Wilhelms-Universitaet Muenster 14423751 - (D) EVANS 112(1) Riverside Law LLP DILLAHUNT, SANDRA E

1726 FORD GLOBAL TECHNOLOGIES, LLC 14536966 - (D) RANGE 112(1)/112(2)/102/103 CARLSON, GASKEY & OLDS, P.C./Ford AYAD, TAMIR

1732 UNIVATION TECHNOLOGIES, LLC 15117363 - (D) ROBERTSON 103 The Dow Chemical Company/Brooks Cameron & Huebsch QIAN, YUN

1742 Matthias KLEINHANS et al. 14573263 - (D) ROBERTSON 112(1)/112(2)/112(4)/103 FLYNN THIEL, P.C. KHARE, ATUL P

1774 United States Department of Energy 15940166 - (D) RANGE 102/103 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY GRIFFIN, WALTER DEAN

1786 IDEMITSU KOSAN CO., LTD. 15854404 - (D) PRAISS 103 OBLON, MCCLELLAND, MAIER & NEUSTADT, L.L.P. DAHLBURG, ELIZABETH M

2178 Lenovo (Singapore) Pte. Ltd. 14573743 - (D) RAEVSKY 112(1)/103 FERENCE & ASSOCIATES LLC TSUI, WILSON W

Tech Center 2400 Networking, Multiplexing, Cable, and Security
2423 Zhou, Bo et al. 13354364 - (D) BAUMEISTER 103 112(1) Muncy, Geissler, Olds & Lowe, P.C./QUALCOMM HALLENBECK-HUBER, JEREMIAH CHARLES

3629 Vijil Enara. Chenthamarakshan et al. 13596817 - (D) HOFF 103 101/OTDP FERENCE & ASSOCIATES LLC JASMIN, LYNDA C

3629 Vijil Enara. Chenthamarakshan et al. 12944868 - (D) HOFF 103/OTDP 101/103/OTDP FERENCE & ASSOCIATES LLC JASMIN, LYNDA C

3651 DOOSAN MACHINE TOOLS CO., LTD. 14876895 - (D) BROWN 112(6)/112(2) HAUPTMAN HAM, LLP LOGAN, KYLE O

3672 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. 15540978 - (D) O’HANLON 103 Gilliam IP PLLC (Halliburton) BEMKO, TARAS P

3693 JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. 14254114 - (D) MacDONALD 101 JPMorgan Chase / Greenberg Traurig LEMIEUX, JESSICA

3695 Florian Pestoni et al. 12119742 - (D) LORIN 103 101 CANTOR COLBURN LLP - IBM ARC DIVISION POLLOCK, GREGORY A

3724 MILWAUKEE ELECTRIC TOOL CORPORATION 15440830 - (D) CAPP 112(1)/103 MICHAEL, BEST & FRIEDRICH LLP (MT) PAYER, HWEI-SIU C

3763 Dharendra Goswami et al. 13665389 - (D) MOHANTY 103 HINCAPIE SERNA, GUSTAVO A HINCAPIE SERNA, GUSTAVO A

3785 KONINKLIJKE PHILIPS N.V. 14429128 - (D) WOOD 103 PHILIPS INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY & STANDARDS LUARCA, MARGARET M

3791 KONINKLIJKE PHILIPS N.V. 14366014 - (D) GREENHUT 112(1)/101 PHILIPS INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY & STANDARDS MARMOR II, CHARLES ALAN

REISSUE

DENIED 
2857 Rochester Institute of Technology 7,925,472 11/437,966 13861000 - (R) ENGLE 251/112(1) Dinsmore & Shohl LLP CAMPBELL, JOSHUA D

REHEARING

DENIED 
Tech Center 1600 Biotechnology and Organic Chemistry
1663 MONSANTO TECHNOLOGY LLC 14996093 - (R) FREDMAN 103/OTDP DENTONS US LLP KRUSE, DAVID H

Friday, April 20, 2018

CFMT, KSR

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REVERSED
Tech Center 1600 Biotechnology and Organic Chemistry
1645 Ex Parte Gunn et al 13359441 - (D) MILLS 103 BOZICEVIC, FIELD & FRANCIS LLP LYONS, MARY M

Tech Center 2100 Computer Architecture and Software
2131 Ex Parte Moser 13616701 - (D) FRAHM 102/103 SCHWEGMAN LUNDBERG & WOESSNER/SAP VILLANUEVA, LEANDRO R

Tech Center 2400 Networking, Multiplexing, Cable, and Security
2494 Ex Parte Cabrera et al 14186801 - (D) NAPPI 103 Hawley Troxell DE JESUS LASSALA, CARLOS MANUEL

3624 Ex Parte DUECK 13315692 - (D) MacDONALD 101 Potomac Law Group, PLLC (Oracle International) c/o P3 Solutions YESILDAG, MEHMET

Tech Center 3700 Mechanical Engineering, Manufacturing, and Products & Design
3741 Ex Parte Schwarz et al 14592991 - (D) HOELTER 103 CARLSON, GASKEY & OLDS/PRATT & WHITNEY SUNG, GERALD LUTHER

3744 Ex Parte Shaw 13083569 - (D) HOFFMANN 103 REINHART BOERNER VAN DEUREN S.C. HWU, DAVIS D

3774 Ex Parte Hanssen et al 11560276 - (D) NEWMAN 112(1)/102/103 Schwegman Lundberg & Woessner / Zimmer PREBILIC, PAUL B

A prima facie case for obviousness "requires a suggestion of all limitations in a claim," CFMT, Inc. v. Yieldup International Corp., 349 F.3d 1333, 1342 (Fed. Cir. 2003) and "a reason that would have prompted a person of ordinary skill in the relevant field to combine the elements in the way the claimed new invention does," KSR International Co. v. Teleflex Inc., 550 U.S. 398, 418 (2007). 

CFMT, Inc. v. Yieldup Int ’l Corp., 349 F.3d 1333, 68 USPQ2d 1940 (Fed. Cir. 2003) 2164

KSR International Co. v. Teleflex Inc., 550 U.S. 398, 82 USPQ2d 1385 (2007)  2141 ,   2144.05 ,   2145 ,   2216 ,   2242 ,   2286 ,   2616 ,   2642 ,   2686.04

AFFIRMED
Tech Center 1700 Chemical & Materials Engineering
1766 Ex Parte KIKUCHI et al 12473546 - (D) OWENS 103 OBLON, MCCLELLAND, MAIER & NEUSTADT, L.L.P. KAHN, RACHEL

1783 Ex Parte Boyd et al 12975478 - (D) McGEE 102/103 3M INNOVATIVE PROPERTIES COMPANY KHATRI, PRASHANT J

1793 Ex Parte Paeschke et al 13305360 - (D) KENNEDY 112(2)/103 Carstens & Cahoon, LLP TIJRNER, FELICIA C

Tech Center 2400 Networking, Multiplexing, Cable, and Security
2414 Ex Parte Zhang et al 11116073 - (D) JEFFERY 103 VOLPE AND KOENIG, P.C. D AGOSTA, STEPHEN M

2492 Ex Parte Liu et al 13750742 - (D) MacDONALD 101 KNOBBE MARTENS OLSON & BEAR LLP DAVIS, ZACHARY A

2637 Ex Parte Searcy et al 14828676 - (D) JEFFERY 103 OTDP MAGINOT, MOORE & BECK, LLP WOLDEKIDAN, HIBRET ASNAKE

Tech Center 3600 Transportation, Construction, Electronic Commerce, Agriculture, National Security, and License & Review
3625 Ex Parte Sims et al 13682546 - (D) HUTCHINGS 101 Eversheds Sutherland (US) LLP / CEI HAQ, NAEEM U

3627 Ex Parte SOUTH et al 14323609 - (D) MacDONALD 102 101 NIXON & VANDERHYE, P.C. I Vonage REFAI, RAMSEY

3627 Ex Parte Zoldi et al 12347559 - (D) SHAH 101 Mintz Levin Cohn Ferris Glovsky and Popeo, P.C. Mintz Levin/Fair Isaac GLASS, RUSSELLS

3662 Ex Parte Dai et al 14049700 - (D) CALVE 112(2) 112(1)/103 BROOKS KUSHMAN P.C./FG1L MOTT, GENNA M

3677 Ex Parte Honeycutt 12692477 - (D) PESLAK 102/103 HAVERSTOCK & OWENS LLP SULLIVAN, MATTHEW J

3682 Ex Parte SALIHU et al 14523521 - (D) HAGY 101/103 MUNCK WILSON MANDALA L.L.P ANDREI, RADU

3696 Ex Parte TREVATHAN et al 12898129 - (D) HOMERE 112(2) 101 Roberts Mlotkowski Safran Cole & Calderon, P.C. KING JR., JOSEPH W

Tech Center 3700 Mechanical Engineering, Manufacturing, and Products & Design
3744 Ex Parte Lifson et al 12375255 - (D) SONG 103 CARLSON, GASKEY & OLDS, P.C. AVILES BOSQUES, ORLANDO E

3765 Ex Parte MORELAND et al 13772181 - (D) CAPP 103 Moser Taboada / Ansell Limited LYNCH, MEGAN E

3768 Ex Parte Liu et al 13978167 - (D) SCHNEIDER OTDP/102/103 PHILIPS INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY & STANDARDS SABOKTAKIN, MARJAN

3777 Ex Parte Nurmilaukas et al 14440167 - (D) FLAX 101/112(1)/112(2)/103 PHILIPS INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY & STANDARDS NGUYEN, HIEN NGOC

Wednesday, May 22, 2013

CFMT, hubbell, van ornum, gay

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REVERSED
Tech Center 1600 Biotechnology and Organic Chemistry
1611 Ex Parte Borlongan et al 10218893 - (D) FRANKLIN 103/obviousness-type double patenting FULBRIGHT & JAWORSKI L.L.P. LOVE, TREVOR M

Tech Center 1700 Chemical & Materials Engineering
1782 Ex Parte Bhatnagar et al 11181041 - (D) HASTINGS 102/103 JANAH & ASSOCIATES, P.C. KASHNIKOW, ERIK

Tech Center 3600 Transportation, Construction, Electronic Commerce, Agriculture, National Security, and License & Review
3685 Ex Parte Chatani 11480203 - (D) PETRAVICK 103 MPG, LLP and SONY OBEID, MAMON A

AFFIRMED
Tech Center 1600 Biotechnology and Organic Chemistry
1617 Ex Parte Eitrich et al 10589084 - (D) FRANKLIN 103 Abel Law Group, LLP BROWE, DAVID

Tech Center 2100 Computer Architecture and Software
2162 Ex Parte Chatow et al 11796216 - (D) BENOIT 102/103 HEWLETT-PACKARD COMPANY NGUYEN, PHONG H

Tech Center 2400 Networking, Multiplexing, Cable, and Security
2422 Ex Parte Anglin et al 12433235 - (D) DANG 103 IBM CORPORATION C/O DARCELL WALKER, ATTORNEY AT LAW HAIEM, SEAN N

2424 Ex Parte Hsiao 12021655 - (D) POTHIER 103 ROGITZ & ASSOCIATES SHELEHEDA, JAMES R

Tech Center 2600 Communications
2637 Ex Parte Josef Moeller 10349837 - (D) KRIVAK 103 WALL & TONG, LLP/ALCATEL-LUCENT USA INC. BELLO, AGUSTIN

2653 Ex Parte Gidron et al 10240409 - (D) EASTHOM 102 WALL & TONG, LLP/ALCATEL-LUCENT USA INC. ELAHEE, MD S  

REEXAMINATION  

AFFIRMED-IN-PART
Tech Center 1700 Chemical & Materials Engineering
1761 Ex parte MARTEK BIOSCIENCES CORPORATION and DSM NUTRITIONAL PRODUCTS, LLC, Patent Owner and Appellant 90009659 5698244 08/483,477 GUEST 112(1) obviousness-type double patenting Sterne, Kessler, Goldstein & Fox P.L.L.C FOR THIRD-PARTY REQUESTER: Baker, Donelson, Bearman, Caldwell & Berkowitz, PC original SHERIDAN ROSS P.C. HUANG, EVELYN MEI original WEIER, ANTHONY J

(citing CFMT, Inc. v. Yieldup Int’l Corp, 349 F.3d 1333, 1338 (Fed. Cir. 2003) (“Enablement does not require an inventor to meet lofty standards for success in the commercial marketplace.”)).

CFMT, Inc. v. Yieldup Int ’l Corp., 349 F.3d 1333, 68 USPQ2d 1940 (Fed. Cir. 2003) 2164
...

In this regard, we emphasize the second rationale to obviousness-type double patenting, which is “to prevent multiple infringement suits by different assignees asserting essentially the same patented invention.” In re Hubbell, --- F.3d----, 2013 WL 828475,*3 (Fed. Cir. March 7, 2013) (citing In re Van Ornum, 686 F.2d 937, 943-4 (CCPA 1982)).

Van Ornum, In re, 686 F.2d 937, 214 USPQ 761 (CCPA 1982) 804, 804.02

FEDERAL CIRCUIT

REVERSED
Tech Center 3600 Transportation, Construction, Electronic Commerce, Agriculture, National Security, and License & Review
3671; 3501 DOUGLAS DYNAMICS, LLC, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. BUYERS PRODUCTS COMPANY, Defendant-Cross Appellant. 2011-1291, 2012-1046, -1057, -1087, -1088 Re. 35,700 5,125,174 07/686,123 5,353,530 07/939,331 6,944,978 09/878,744 RADER Dissenting MAYER summary judgment of noninfringement/denial of a permanent injunction Andrus, Sceales, Starke & Sawal, LLP; Renner, Otto, Boisselle & Sklar, LLP original MICHAEL, BEST & FRIEDRICH; WOOD, HERRON & EVANS, LLP" MCBEE, J; BATSON, VICTOR D

AFFIRMED-IN-PART
Tech Center 2400 Networking, Multiplexing, Cable, and Security
2404; 3105  ATELIERS DE LA HAUTE-GARONNE AND F2C2 SYSTEMS SAS, Plaintiffs-Appellants, v. BROETJE AUTOMATION USA INC. AND BRÖETJE AUTOMATION GMBH, Defendants-Cross Appellants. 2012-1038,-1077 5,011,339 07/447,501 5,143,216 07/589,685 NEWMAN Dissenting PROST failure to disclose the best mode under 112(1) not abandoned Kaye Scholer, LLP; Drinker Biddle & Reath LLP original HAROLD H. DUTTON, JR. NOT, DEFINED; PATTERSON, MARIE D

The requirement that a best mode violation requires intentional concealment was set forth in In re Gay, 309 F.2d 769, 772 (CCPA 1962) where this court’s predecessor explained, “Manifestly, the sole purpose of [the best mode requirement] is to restrain inventors from applying for patents while at the same time concealing from the public preferred embodiments of their inventions which they have in fact conceived.”

Gay, In re, 309 F.2d 769, 135 USPQ 311 (CCPA 1962) 608.01(h), 2161.01, 2165.01

AFFIRMED
Tech Center 2400 Networking, Multiplexing, Cable, and Security
2421 IN RE SCOTT P. SCHREER 2012-1564 10/086,089 PER CURIAM 103 MICHAEL F. SARNEY, KATTEN MUCHIN ROSENMAN LLP; NATHAN K. KELLEY, Deputy Solicitor, United States Patent and Trademark Office SALCE, JASON P

Tuesday, October 25, 2011

capon, ariad, CFMT

REVERSED

1600 Biotechnology and Organic Chemistry
1612 Ex Parte Platz et al 11/536,348 ADAMS 103(a) NOVARTIS EXAMINER KISHORE, GOLLAMUDI S

1655 Ex Parte Chern et al 11/999,637 FREDMAN 112(1) Cozen O'Connor EXAMINER MI, QIUWEN

“[T]he determination of what is needed to support generic claims to biological subject matter depends on a variety of factors, such as the existing knowledge in the particular field, the extent and content of the prior art, the maturity of the science or technology, the predictability of the aspect at issue, and other considerations appropriate to the subject matter.” Capon v. Eshhar, 418 F.3d 1349, 1359 (Fed. Cir. 2005).

Capon v. Eshhar, 418 F.3d 1349, 76 USPQ2d 1078 (Fed. Cir. 2005) . . . . . . . . . .2163

In Ariad, the court found that the written description “doctrine never created a heightened requirement to provide a nucleotide-by-nucleotide recitation of the entire genus of claimed genetic material; it has always expressly permitted the disclosure of structural features common to the members of the genus.” Ariad Pharmaceuticals, Inc. v. Eli Lilly and Co., 598 F.3d 1336, 1352 (Fed. Cir. 2010).

2100 Computer Architecture and Software
2169 Ex Parte Thusoo 10/662,095 ZECHER 103(a) HICKMAN PALERMO TRUONG & BECKER/ORACLE EXAMINER BETIT, JACOB F

2600 Communications
2618 Ex Parte Weber et al 11/559,382 MACDONALD 102(e)/103(a) 37 C.F.R. § 41.50(b) 103(a) Paradigm IP Law, PC EXAMINER TRINH, TAN H

3600 Transportation, Construction, Electronic Commerce, Agriculture, National Security, and License & Review
3633 Ex Parte Pierson et al 11/100,145 SAINDON 102(b)/103(a) FAY SHARPE LLP EXAMINER A, PHI DIEU TRAN

3700 Mechanical Engineering, Manufacturing, and Products & Design
3732 Ex Parte Pernot et al 10/580,373 BAHR 103(a) Gary M Cohen EXAMINER WILSON, JOHN J

3761 Ex Parte Venkitaraman et al 11/128,579 HORNER 103(a) 37 C.F.R. § 41.50(b) 103(a) THE PROCTER & GAMBLE COMPANY EXAMINER TREYGER, ILYA Y

AFFIRMED-IN-PART

3700 Mechanical Engineering, Manufacturing, and Products & Design
3781 Ex Parte Hall et al 10/418,925 PRATS 102(b) 102(b)/103(a) Evans & Dixon, LLC EXAMINER SMALLEY, JAMES N

AFFIRMED

1600 Biotechnology and Organic Chemistry
1654 Ex Parte Aoki et al 10/461,829 SCHEINER 103(a) 37 C.F.R. § 41.50(b) 103(a) STEPHEN DONOVAN ALLERGAN, INC. EXAMINER GUPTA, ANISH

“Enablement does not require an inventor to meet lofty standards for success in the commercial marketplace. Title 35 does not require that a patent disclosure enable one of ordinary skill in the art to make and use a perfected, commercially viable embodiment absent a claim limitation to that effect.” CFMT, Inc. v. Yieldup Int’l Corp., 349 F.3d 1333, 1338 (Fed. Cir. 2003).

CFMT, Inc. v. Yieldup Int ’l Corp., 349 F.3d 1333, 68 USPQ2d 1940 (Fed. Cir. 2003). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2164

2100 Computer Architecture and Software
2116 Ex Parte Leech et al 11/045,965 BARRY 103(a) HEWLETT-PACKARD COMPANY EXAMINER DU, THUAN N

2400 Networking, Mulitplexing, Cable, and Security
2431 Ex Parte Romines et al 11/086,183 BROCKETTI 103(a) Law Office of Jim Boice EXAMINER SU, SARAH

2455 Ex Parte Rosenstock et al 10/676,744 DANG 103(a) HARNESS, DICKEY & PIERCE, P.L.C. EXAMINER LAZARO, DAVID R

2455 Ex Parte Rosenstock et al 10/676,746 DANG 103(a) HARNESS, DICKEY & PIERCE, P.L.C. EXAMINER LAZARO, DAVID R

3600 Transportation, Construction, Electronic Commerce, Agriculture, National Security, and License & Review
3653 Ex Parte Jones et al 09/967,232 SAINDON 112(2)/103(a) CUMMINS-ALLISON CORP. C/O NIXON PEABODY LLP EXAMINER SHAPIRO, JEFFERY A

REHEARING

DENIED

1600 Biotechnology and Organic Chemistry
1643 Ex Parte King et al 10/731,759 MILLS 103(a) COZEN O'CONNOR, P.C. EXAMINER SANG, HONG

Wednesday, May 5, 2010

CFMT,

REVERSED 
1600 Biotechnology and Organic Chemistry 
Ex Parte Staton 10/912,427 FREDMAN 103(a) AGILENT TECHNOLOGIES INC. EXAMINER SIMS, JASON M 

3600 Transportation, Construction, Electronic Commerce, Agriculture, National Security, and License & Review 
Ex Parte Moll et al 10/797,354 FETTING 103(a) RATNERPRESTIA EXAMINER LE, LINH GIANG 

Ex Parte Gaddy et al 10/945,505 GRIMES 102(e) WILLIAMS, MORGAN & AMERSON, P.C. EXAMINER WHITE, EVERETT NMN 

Ex Parte Bennett et al 11/271,085 PATE III 103(a) HOVEY WILLIAMS LLP EXAMINER PARSLEY, DAVID J 

3700 Mechanical Engineering, Manufacturing, and Products & Design 
Ex Parte Dalton 11/049,488 PATE III 103(a) CARDINAL LAW GROUP EXAMINER ANDERSON, MICHAEL J 

Ex Parte Genger et al 11/311,862 LEE 103(a) NIXON & VANDERHYE, PC EXAMINER FOREMAN, JONATHAN M 

A conclusion of obviousness requires an accounting for all of the limitations in a claim. CFMT, Inc. v. Yieldup Intern. Corp., 349 F.3d 1333, 1342 (Fed. Cir. 2003). 

CFMT, Inc. v. Yieldup Int ’l Corp., 349 F.3d 1333, 68 USPQ2d 1940 (Fed. Cir. 2003). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2164 

AFFIRMED-IN-PART 
2100 Computer Architecture and Software 
Ex Parte Ritter et al 09/951,491 DIXON 102(e)/103(a) BUCHANAN INGERSOLL & ROONEY PC EXAMINER DESAI, RACHNA SINGH